History of CML  - Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

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              In 1845, CML was first described by two pathologists, Dr. Rudolf Virchow (Berlin,Germany) and Dr. John Hughes Bennett (Edinburgh, Scotland)  . In 1865, Heinrich Lissauer described the use of arsenic in patients with leukemia. 
               In 1959, two scientists at the University of Pennsylvania (Dr. Peter C. Nowell and Dr. David E. Hungerford) noticed that the chromosome 22 in the blood cells of many CML patients was shorter than normal. After this chromosome was nicknamed "the Philadelphia chromosome".
               In 1973, Dr. Janet Rowley determined that the shortened chromosome 22, the so-called Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, was the product of a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22.
                  In the mid-1970s, a Seattle group reported the disappearance of the Ph chromosome in CML patients who underwent allotransplant. CML can be cured for the first time. Also, interferon-α was found to induce durable complete cytogenetic responses and long-term survival, although in only a small fraction of patients.
                  By the 1980s, Owen Witte, M.D., and his colleagues at the University of California, Los Angeles,  were able to use genetic mapping to show that the two ends of the broken chromosomes produced a cancer-causing protein, known as Bcr-Abl.
                   In 1998, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) was introduced. Clinical trials was initiated by Dr. Brian Druker.  The first patient took the first dose of STI-571 (now Gleevec) in  June 25, 1998 at Oregon Health Sciences University. In 2001, Gleevec (imatinib) was appoved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
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VIDEOS

Clinical trial saves leukemia patient from death (History of STI-571 1999 )  
April 14, 2016, Virginia Garner
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Leukemia Patient Tells of New Drug (History of STI-571 1999 )  
April 12, 2016, Virginia Garner

2012 (28th) Japan Prize: Dr. Rowley / Dr. Druker / Dr. Lydon      
April 24, 2012,  JapanPrize
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The End of Cancer is within reach                                          
 2009, Knight Cancer institute, OHSU

​The first day of clinical trials for Gleevec, Bud and Yvonne by DNA Learning Center 
​‘’The first patient, 68-year-old Bud Romine from Tillamook, Ore., will take his first dose of the experimental drug (on Thursday, June 25, 1998, at Oregon Health Sciences University’’ 

​Nixon Signing the National Cancer Act of 1971                                                       
August 11, 2016, Succesboeken
              
                                           LITERATURE
The Philadelphia Chromosome by Jessica  Wapner
February 15, 2013, CMLeukemia.com
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